I. Socio-historical, political, natural science, theoretical prerequisites for the emergence of Marxism Marxist philosophy was the successor to the concepts that preceded it and at the same time marked a significant increase in new knowledge, a significant breakthrough in the development of European and world culture. I.I. Socio-cultural prerequisites for the emergence of Marxism The accelerated development of capitalist relations, when the…

I. Features of the philosophy of New Times The priority of epistemology and methodology, questions of cognition (and not questions of being, ontology). Rationalism is the priority of reason over the whole world: “Knowledge is power”. Anti-dogmatism, anti-scholastic orientation. Orientation not to religion or art, but to science, which should, according to Bacon: serve to increase human power…

I. Conditions and prerequisites for the emergence of philosophy in ancient Greece. Its place in the historical and cultural development of mankind The first stage in the development of European philosophy is ancient philosophy (Greek and ancient Roman). The appearance of philosophy in ancient Greece is called the “Greek miracle”, since the transition from a mythological worldview to a philosophical one was not predetermined.

I. Features of the emergence and development of the philosophy of ancient China The history of philosophical thought of Ancient China dates back to the beginning of the 1st millennium BC., and its heyday falls on the VI century BC. During this period, the main ancient Chinese teachings arose: Confucianism, Taoism, Legism, Moism, etc. …

I. Philosophy as a kind of worldview To approach the study of philosophy, it is necessary to have an idea of ​​what a worldview is. A world view in the broadest sense of the word is a definite system of man’s most general views on the world, on himself, on the goals and paths of historical development…

I. The concept of the method of scientific knowledge. Classification of methods of scientific knowledge A method is a way to achieve a goal. Under the method of scientific knowledge is understood a system of regulatory rules, principles, and techniques aimed at an objective study of reality, at the attainment of truth about an object. The method of cognition, in its essence, expresses purposefulness, regularity…

I. The basic principles of axiology Axiology (from Greek “axia”— value and “logos” — teaching, word) — value theory; philosophical doctrine of values, revealing the nature of people, revealing the basic values, their role, ways and means of forming the value attitude of people to the world. Axiology as a teaching arises in the second half…

I. The concept and properties of motion I.I. MOVEMENT/REST An attribute is a universal, inalienable property of a substance. Attributes appear in all natural phenomena and are recognized as the real essence of matter. Attributes of matter include motion, space and time, reflection and information, structurality, qualitative inexhaustibility, etc. Motion is a way of existence of matter…

Under modern Western philosophy refers to Western European philosophy and US philosophy of the late XIX — XX centuries. Western philosophy of this period is a huge variety of philosophers of all kinds of schools, directions and concepts. Conventionally, they can be divided into two areas: the philosophy of scientism…